John Christopher - REVERSE HARD

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It isn’t pleasure, I don’t think, that drives audiences to the cinema if what they’re there to see are any of the Final Destination movies. Because it seems very clear to me that these movies are not, as they claim to be, about escaping death, but about being dead, and the perils of coming to life. If the success, or at least the appeal (to say nothing of the quality) of a franchise can be measured by its sum instalments, then Final Destination ranks comfortably with Scream, but shrinks before the multiplying might of its endlessly respawning rivals (for comparison: the tenth Hellraiser movie came out in 2018). With few exceptions, something they all have in common is a concern for teenagers who are, understandably, concerned mostly about themselves, their friends and their collective survival as teenagers.

The ‘Doomed Teenager Movie’, to borrow Roger Ebert’s loving phrase for the genre, received a vivifying shock with Final Destination where, instead of a masked lunatic skulking around the neighbourhood, the villain is pure vapour, a pall, bad feelings, lust, wrong turns, a stray lightning bolt; a creeping kind of killing vibe that operates best on dormant minds and works even harder on those alert to its presence. Each instalment is led by a character with incredible powers of foresight. Previously partial, their sight is now undimmed, discovering as it sweeps the horizon threat and terror where there was no such thing before: an aeroplane combusts into a screaming fireball; a motorway transforms into a monstrous fusion of metal and sizzling flesh; roller coasters, race-cars, vehicles — it doesn’t matter the kind, of relentless forward motion, convulse and turn against their passengers. Together they evoke an acute horror of progression, as if the mere thought of graduating to the dismal adult world, the world of drudgery and work, is terrifying enough to make anyone brake hard and fumble madly for reverse. Even with box office numbers on a slow decline, the returns on each instalment remain eye-watering, and HBO has a reboot in the works, set for release next year.

So what variety of pleasure, what thrills of immeasurable wattage continues to fasten viewers to their seats, if not the kind derived from the emboldening spectacle of young people unbuckling their seatbelts, as it were, from certain doom, and deciding to live not for work, not even very well or for very long — but brutally and painfully and hopelessly for each other?
       
‘People are always most alive just before they die, don’t you think?’ says William Bludworth, the franchise’s perpetual mortician, played with slick reptilian menace by Tony Todd (the one and only "Candyman"). His advice ends there, but the films have a way of talking and instructing all their own. Cracks in the concrete and groaning metal, ominous wind and leaking pipes take on the clamour of a Greek chorus to which the characters on stage are largely deaf, but not at all impervious. Disquiet yields its strange rewards to those who yield to it.   
       
In Final Destination 3, while waiting in line with her classmates for a roller coaster ride called Devil’s Bit, Wendy (played by Mary Elizabeth Winstead), baby-faced and newly plagued with an unshakeable bad vibe, jumps at the clang of the turnstiles, inspiring one of the franchise’s best lines. ‘It’s elemental physics,’ says an impatient goth behind her, who then elaborates, a little gloomily, as if she’s quoting Poe, ‘A conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy.’ It immediately put me in mind of another portentous queue from a much older film — the 70s folk horror Penda’s Fen. Stephen, the young protagonist, has a dream in which young girls, lying sprawled on a bright patch of grass, gaze up at a man positioned before a tree stump. He beckons, and one of the girls is led up to him by an adult. She holds her hands steadily on the stump, which is splattered with freshly spilled blood. The man raises a meat cleaver above his head, then brings it down once — twice — in quick, merry, efficient chops. The mutilated girl strolls away smiling, while others eagerly rise from their blankets. A man and woman advance toward Stephen, grimacing, triumphant, utterly deranged, urging him to get in line. It occurred to me that Stephen’s dream is not unlike each of the five Final Destination premonitions which, in their own loud and circumvolutionary way, alert us first to the queue we’re waiting in and then to the man with the cleaver at the end.

I won’t belabour the multivalent resonance such infernal ‘conversions’ might have with audiences whose ‘potential energy’ is daily devoured by machines before they’ve even rolled out of bed in the morning, but I will point out that the deaths in this instalment (two girls get burnt to black sticks in malfunctioning tanning beds; and at her job in a warehouse, our beloved goth’s head is pumped full of needle-length nails) are particularly horrifying because of their abject nature, revolting conversions of young bodies full of promise into shuddering, inhuman machines; into what Julia Kristeva in The Powers of Horror called ‘a “something” that I do not recognise as a thing.’ Like the howling, splintered face of the last promotional poster, the movies are incapable of portraying ‘growing up’ as anything but a violent flying apart, a spectacle of incomprehensible pain, vomitous events that engulf, then re-produce the world in dark, screeching, fast-approaching, unfamiliar shapes.

It is to the films’ credit, then, that shelter, if not something like salvation, can be found in something as simple as the active search for it. Recognition takes on retaliatory force against alienated gloom, as characters find themselves lifted from the jaws of death by the simple compulsion of their feelings; simply by having feelings, it seems, is enough to eject anyone out of automated progression and into the directionless present.

‘I didn’t see what you saw,’ Clear (Ali Larter) tells Alex (Devon Sawa), referring to when she willingly followed him off the plane. ‘I felt it.’ They are easily the most compelling characters in the whole franchise, bonded by a sharp loneliness that goes unobserved by their peers and a knack for filling dead moments with unexpected humour; at the airport, waiting to board, Clear lowers her book to glower at a couple kissing loudly across from her, then resumes reading, with visible pleasure, Henry Miller’s The Tropic of Cancer. Clear Rivers — yes, that’s her full name — seems to recognise something in Alex as she watches him. She watches him with a vehemence that borders on divination; although Devon Sawa’s performance of Alex as someone who habitually haemorrhages their deepest concern is difficult not to watch intently, not to praise as divine. On the plane Alex doesn’t so much wake from his premonition as he is spat abruptly from it, coated in a film of sweat, issuing gibberish from his mouth and shining like a newborn. He is strongest in the film’s somewhat cruel close-ups where his credible, acned face contorts and freezes, directing our attention to his swivelling eyes.

I can think of no other actor as in control of the direction and velocity of their gaze as Devon Sawa, who moves speedily, as with gear-shifts, from headlong desperate searching to halting retreat, from somewhere in the distance to middle-distance, middle, then just back, back back back. Among the group of fugitive teens are Carter, played by the devastatingly handsome Kerr Smith of Dawson’s Creek and Billy, the affable jock played by Sean William Scott of the American Pie movies. Their casting in particular seems a deliberate move to further unsettle the audience, alienating us from faces we’re supposed to recognise. Sean, all ‘Hey, man!’ and backward baseball caps and the world’s most beautiful chin, inspires the most pity with his puppy-dog eyes when he scampers up to Alex at a mass funeral and begs to be told he’s not going to die. In an interview, director James Wong admitted that out of all the insane and gruesome deaths they filmed, the studio demanded the death of a dog be cut from the final release, but if you ask me, decapitating Sean William Scott at the end of Final Destination is not much different from, say, killing off a pet Labrador, mid-leap, with a frisbee in his mouth.

‘Do you think they’re still up there?’ Alex asks Clear in the film’s most surprising and revealing interaction. He’s talking about the plane crash: if it’s possible it took off and continued smoothly on its course; if it’s possible that things could be different. In his open way of wondering he inspires Clear to share her own vision of an alternative reality, one where her family didn’t fall apart and she wasn’t so alone. Prior to this admission, we have only received intimations of Clear’s desolate home life; at the airport, after everyone else is collected by their adoring parents, Clear is dropped home in the dead of night by two faceless FBI agents. ‘I believe in that somewhere else,’ she tells him, and we can’t really blame her. Reality is only endurable if it is free and unfixed and always somewhere else.

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Published: 7 March 2022

Alexander Stubbs - Jasleen Kaur: Flesh ‘n’ Blood

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Jasleen Kaur’s latest exhibition, Flesh ‘n’ Blood, shakes our understanding of memory and the body. Searching deep within her family history to interrogate notions of healing and the internal, Kaur presents her most recent sculptural works, carrying us along on a winding journey of seeing the body in a new light.

“I’m thinking of—” Kaur says to us as we sit listening to an ‘In Conversation’ between her and collaborator Priya Jay. “I’m thinking of the body as storage for memory. What we digest — the cultural and personal memories.”

A placid pink colon stretches and curls across the gallery floor, its colour sharply contrasted against the grey floor of the gallery. Atop it sits a collection of objects: a string of plastic aubergines linked together like sausages; a pair of flip flops sit orphaned from the feet that once filled them, replaced by peanuts cast in resin; musical instruments and a wooden palm-hands-shaped bookstand opens up to reveal a manifesto for meditation.

Flesh ‘n’ Blood is a guttural reflection on family, religion, and cultural history that sends the viewer down a sentimental path, with Kaur inviting us into her inner sanctum without letting us get too close. The gallery becomes a place where closely-held memories and emotions are exposed to us, whether plastered across the wall or delicately placed along the ground.

Kaur questions identity thoroughly: both her own and the culturally shared identity, often conflicting, coming from part-Indian and part-Scottish heritage. A litre bottle of Irn Bru — a cultural signifier of Scottishness — is contrasted on the plinth by a milk bottle containing healing oil and reeds. In Kaur’s universe, Irn Bru is as much a medicine as healing oils. These are objects that hold a saccharine significance for Kaur. We are left adrift of the intimate stories stored in these supermarket-shelf items.

Grief            /            Sanctuary            /            Memory             /             Loss            /            Language

For good reason too. This is a deeply personal exhibition, in which our admittance by the artist is in good-faith; look, touch, feel — but don’t get too close. Each reflection is rooted in the body, both that of the artist and the viewer. Within the Body, God, a flat, wooden carving of a deity is interrupted by the presence of worship bells, sitting as if they were physically within the body. Kaur doesn’t rely solely on metaphor, though. Instead, she transgresses the idea of sculpture as a dormant and unmoving — untouched — art medium. Objects are here to be ingested, to be touched and felt physically. Etched jugs of water, accompanied by drinking glasses, are interspersed along the gut-shaped plinth, daring the viewer to break conventional behaviour and interact with the exhibition in a way that transcends mere viewership.

Two of the gallery walls are covered in photo-album pictures, pixelated blow-ups taken from Kaur’s family archives. Photos of women, headless, faceless, their presence emits a sense of temporal existence. We don’t know who they are, only that they are of immense importance to Kaur; they are women who have shaped her existence. In Freedom Massi, Kaur contemplates names and naming; the anglo-centric word aunty is fractured into multiple words in Kaur’s language, relative to the shared relation and family connection.

Colon, or Colonised
                                                              Intestine, or Internalised

                                                                                                                                      Ritual, or Ritualised

The centrepiece of the exhibition, An Infinity of Traces, a four-metre double-ended kameez which hangs from the ceiling, draping onto the plinth below, reflects the importance of a narrative told by and for women. The kameez is stained with turmeric and imprinted with drawings of bodily internals; repeated impressions of kirpans, a ceremonial Sikh dagger, slink their way down the garment. The words “Mart-Her” sit on the upper back of the dress as if recognising a player in a football match, instead reflecting identities of the feminine and matriarchal histories Kaur is so enamoured by.

To ingest is to invoke all that we encounter.

To digest is to eat the cultural things we’ve grown up with,

            an action in which they become part of us.

Kaur’s use of language, which lies buried within the works themselves, is key to unlocking this exhibition. Colon is, likely, a stand-in for colonial/colonised, a reflection on British-Indian history, a history shrouded in the cloak of colonisation. Kaur’s use of the colon is bodily, certainly; on the kameez reads the phrase “colonial ingestion”, suggesting a taking in of colonial words and beliefs, likely unwillingly. Reading her use of language as a reclaiming of history, however, leads to a more powerful conclusion; through the colon as a surface upon which personal and private stories are told, Kaur reclaims the power of being the one who tells her own story. She refuses to relinquish that control amidst dominating political and social forces, succeeding in becoming the keeper of her history.

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Jasleen Kaur's exhibition Flesh ‘n’ Blood ran at Humber Street Gallery, Hull, UK, between September 22 - December 24 2021.

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Published: 28 March 2022

Pamela Crowe - Frida Kahlo: Making Her Self Up

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I entered the V&A with the resistance I associate with having to pay to see an exhibition and the subsequent question of will it be good value, an ominous starting point for engaging with any art. The £12 ticket gives you a timeslot and you queue to gain access on a one-in, one-out system to avoid overcrowding.

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You first enter through a narrow dark corridor that feels and serves as a bottleneck. This space is used to exhibit a series of black and white photos of Frida Kahlo as a child, young woman, adult. The public jostled cattle-like for space and air; to assert your stance in front of any one image took bravura and I found myself unwilling and disengaged. I opted to move on quickly and was glad as each subsequent room gave physical and emotional expansion to my experience.

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Kahlo’s personal belongings, displayed bright and bold in glass cases, gave pathos and depth to her work. A greater part of the exhibition is given over to the items of clothing that both served as a purposeful self-fashioning on her part, and as a means of obscuring and accommodating her physical disability and the surgical structures she relied on daily: corsets, false shoes and boots, metal braces. As these items amassed, the artist persona receded against the physical reality of Kahlo’s short life, the disability and extreme pain she lived with, the multiple operations, periods spent bedbound. No wonder she painted herself, constructed her art around her own form.

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Kahlo’s art does feature in the exhibition, it’s fitting that it is hung on the peripheries of the spaces you walk through with the artist’s clothing taking centre stage. The tomb-like network of chambers offers an apt, non-linear passage through her life. Separated from my party I explored the space half-lost, disorientated, increasingly anchored to Frida’s world. The exhibition mirrors the ornate threads in the outfits she wore, the viewer’s gaze weaves back and forth between artwork; artist; photo; pain; artwork; husband; artist; letter; pain; artwork — and so on. It is a complex tapestry with each viewer having agency over which part they work; I left knowing that I had experienced something acutely personal, un-replicable, profoundly moving.

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Oddly, those images that I had barely glanced at in the bottleneck flashed sharp in negative as I walked through the kaleidoscopic spaces: Frida in a suit; Frida as a girl; Frida at a party. I cannot think this an accident. The curators crafted a visually purposeful, visceral experience for the audience with the first photo gallery acting like a zoetrope of image imprint in preparation for the most astounding onslaught of colour and pain that follows.

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You exit into a gallery shop adorned by Kahlo-colour and consumables ranging from £2 tat to £200 shawls. It’s a shame. After the exhibits you don’t need any more colour and you don’t need to take anything home. And there’s distaste at commodifying the clothing synonymous with Kahlo and her physical pain — which we’ve just seen. As the V&A kitsched its own good work I pushed past the till into direct sun, eyes reeling in magnesium light. Those images flashed up again. Frida in a suit. Frida in a mirror. Frida: in black and white.

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Frida Kahlo: Making Her Self Up ran at the V&A, London, UK, from 16 June to 18 November 2018.

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Published: 27 April 2022

Derek Horton - Roger Palmer: A Stone’s Throw 

A Stone’s Throw is an artist’s book comprising 64 gelatin silver photographs made between February 2019 and March 2020 on Robben Island, Western Cape, South Africa. Bookending Roger Palmer’s photographs are two essays, the first by the former Robben Island prisoner and tour guide, Lionel Davis, and the other by the Cape Town based writer, editor and curator, Sean O’Toole.

The title, A Stone’s Throw, refers literally to the proximity of Robben Island to Cape Town, but it also recalls a history of political prisoners held there being forced to quarry and crush stone, and further references the so-called ‘klipgooiers’ (‘stone throwers’), dissidents who were imprisoned on the island in 1976.

Following the Rivonia trial, Nelson Mandela was imprisoned in 1964 and spent 18 years incarcerated on Robben Island, before being transferred to Pollsmoor Prison, then Victor Verster Prison, from where he was finally released in 1990 after 27 years in jail. After he became President of South Africa in 1994, Mandela saw national reconciliation as his primary task. One result of this was that immediately after its closure in 1996, Robben Island was re-opened in January 1997 as a museum and visitor attraction and intended as a sanctuary of healing, and it employed both former prisoners and their guards as tour guides and in other roles. In his essay in the book, the former prisoner Lionel Davis describes how the reconciliation between these groups of employees was understandably challenging and hard won: “A few of the ex-prison personnel found it hard to let go of the authority they had previously wielded; the black staff were assertive in standing up for themselves; and angry exchanges were not unusual. The museum community proved to be a microcosm of life in South Africa with its ongoing racial tension.”

All of the book’s photographs were made facing south, looking from the small, flat island towards Cape Town across Table Bay, so that the iconic silhouette of Table Mountain forms a constant backdrop to various aspects of Robben Island’s harsh landscape and leftover infrastructure. As Sean O’Toole points out, this recurrent motif, “consciously quotes Japanese ukiyo-e artist Katsushika Hokusai’s method of describing varied and fleeting human action against the immutable geological backdrop of Mount Fuji.” O’Toole’s essay eruditely interweaves a survey of Palmer’s most important photographic work from the 1970s onwards with historical and environmental information about Robben Island and a detailed analysis of the philosophical intentions, aesthetic strategies and ideological intentions of Palmer’s work in A Stone’s Throw.

Both textual essays though, whilst providing helpful context, are very much secondary to Palmer’s central visual ‘essay’ in the form of its 64 carefully edited and sequenced photographs. They are arranged in groups of eight, each suggesting a notional day that begins with an exposure made soon after sunrise and progressing to one made shortly before dusk. A black page separates each group or day from the next. This repeated daily structure implies a potentially endlessly repetition that might suggest the experience of incarceration with its constant limitations against a backdrop changed only by the light conditions and the daily cycle of time passing.

Whilst none of the photographs are captioned, they clearly convey a sense of the island’s history not just as a penal colony but also at different times a wartime bunker and a medical asylum, and most recently as a site of tourism. Every single photograph evidences the significant human intervention in the landscape that these uses involve, and many bear witness to the consequent disruption, degradation and neglect of the land and its influence on the flora and fauna. Despite this, there is no actual human presence in any of the photographs – people are noticeably absent from view, whilst their material impact on the landscape is powerfully present in every image. The equally ubiquitous presence of Table Mountain in the background sets up a tension between the extreme slowness of geological time and the rapid rate of social change and human history evidenced by the layers of decay in the foreground. Yet we are reminded also of how painfully slow social change must have seemed to those opponents of apartheid incarcerated here for decades, emphasised in several of the photographs by the rapid and free flight of birds.

Roger Palmer, A Stone’s Throw, Fotohof edition, Salzburg, 2022, soft-bound, 160pp.

The book is available in the UK from Roger Palmer r.b.palmer@leeds.ac.uk. For further information, including a Special Edition, visit https://rogerpalmer.co.uk.

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Published: 8 July 2022

Thermal House - Recent Events

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Thermal House is a publishing house founded by Viktor Vejvoda. It is named after the inkless technique used for printing receipts from cash registers. It experiments with micro publishing, and a broadened use of the term 'self-publishing'.

The publishing house utilises its small and mobile form to maximise authenticity and partisan versatility. It focuses on producing and distributing so-called marginal authors and works.

Part of this project and publishing house is the organisation of public activities, a way to discuss topics such as self-publishing and a technological renaissance of the Thermal Printer. These aim to provide the chance for individuals and groups to meet and discuss ideas, publications and to invite new members, interested in the Thermal method.

With the help of Open Source software tools Viktor Vejvoda has been able to use this method to publish multiple books by himself and an international series of artists and authors, developing a practical system for a transportable publishing desk, which can be deployed in various environments.

A key emphasis of Thermal House is its cooperative and inclusive potential, and they organise various community-driven workshops. Works and publications can be produced flexibly, quickly and efficiently, avoiding the time-consuming process of mainstream publishing, by locally available material and producing and distributing in sustainable amounts.

For practicality and sustainability, there is a reduction in the print format (print rolls of 58mm width) and print quality (to half-tone black and white raster), which is contrasted to the overwhelming presence of contemporary glossy images. Authors and readers are confronted with a page-less, endlessly designed, reading experience. Final prints are compact, on lightweight paper.

Selection of recent publications by Thermal House.

This review highlights a few recent activities of Thermal House in Belgrade, Serbia, with a selection of images: the production of the catalogue The Case of Poor Images following an international open call at The ARTGET Gallery during a group exhibition under the same name curated by Mia Ćuk; the publishing house's involvement in the group exhibition Bazanje conceived by Luka Knežević Strika at U10 gallery and publication; and Thermal House's public poetry printing workshop at Museum of Yugoslavia (Muzej Jugoslavije) at an event curated by Maša Seničić.   

The Case of Poor Images, international group exhibition, ran from 14th April - 19th May 2022 at The ARTGET Gallery, curated by Mia Ćuk.

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The ideological basis for the materialisation of this Micro-Publishing platform inside the gallery of Kulturni Centar Beograda was an attempt to activate and utilise the capacity of the institution. Seated at one table, artists, curators and writers produced the books together. With material gathered in response to the open call for submissions relating to the 'case of poor images', those who could not make it physically sent their works by post.

Producing the 'Poor Books' catalogue in the Cultural Centre of Belgrade.

The Case of Poor Images exhibition.

Bazanje, curated by Luka Knežević Strika, ran from 17th June - 9th July 2022, at U10 gallery, Belgrade.

Displayed also as part of the group exhibition BAZANJE, the chat book by Viktor Vejvoda and Luka Knežević Strika was available for pickup from the U10 gallery space. This book consisted of Telegram conversations over thermal printer in 43 steps. Topics orbited around finding common words and understanding over the theme of the city in which one participant of the conversation had spent almost all their life and the other just few months.

Chat book Bazanje.

Image: Jovana Trifuljesko, Bazanje at U10.

Poetry Factory on 16th June 2022, at Museum of Jugoslavije, curated by Maša Seničić

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At the 'Matinee Party' of the Museum of Yugoslavia in the Sculpture Museum Park which celebrated the recently published collection of 'worker poetry' edited by Maša Seničić (Mesto pesnika u radničkom stroju (Beograd: Muzej Jugoslavije, 2022)), Thermal House set up a production venture in line with the concepts explored by the collection; a 'poetry factory', where all were welcome to join the open table and produce printed matter after creating an original poem or poetry from selected archival texts. The Thermal House technique allowed for a fast and collaborative means of production.

Poetry Factory at Museum of Jugoslavije.

More information on publications: thermalhouse.ooooo.page

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Published: 31 August 2022